nkhani

Chilimwe chafika, ndipo chinthu chosokoneza kwambiri kwa aliyense ndi kusunga chakudya. Momwe mungatsimikizire kuti chakudya chatsopano chakhala nkhani yotchuka masiku ano. Ndiye kodi tiyenera kusunga bwanji zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zatsopano nthawi yotentha ngati imeneyi? Poyang'anizana ndi vutoli, m'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku wasayansi wapeza chinthu choletsa ethylene -1-MCP. Choletsa cha 1-MCP sikuti ndi chopanda poizoni, chopanda vuto, chopanda zotsalira, komanso choteteza chilengedwe, komanso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posunga zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi maluwa. Pansipa, tikuwonetsa tsatanetsatane wa chinthu cha 1-MCP.

Kodi 1-MCP ndi chiyani?

1-MCP, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti 1-Methylcycloprotene,CAS 3100-04-7. 1-MCP ndi mankhwala othandiza oletsa ethylene omwe amatha kuletsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi thupi komanso zamankhwala okhudzana ndi kukhwima kwa zipatso zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi ethylene, kuletsa mphamvu ya kupuma kwa zomera, kuchedwetsa bwino kukhwima kwa zipatso ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukalamba, kusunga mawonekedwe oyamba ndi mtundu wa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa matenda ndi kuwola kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, Kusunga khalidwe losungira zipatso. Ndipo 1-MCP si poizoni komanso yopanda zotsalira, ikukwaniritsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za zosungira makanema zadziko lonse, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito molimba mtima.

Mafotokozedwe a 1-MCP

Kugwiritsa ntchito 1-MCP

Asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito 1-MCP, njira zambiri zosungira ndi kusunga thupi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito: 1. kuzizira pang'onopang'ono, 2. kusungira mpweya wowongoka, ndi 3. kutentha, kuwala, ndi chithandizo cha microwave. Komabe, njira zitatuzi zimafuna anthu ambiri ndi zinthu zina, ndipo nthawi yake ndi yayitali komanso yochepa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti 1-MCP ikhoza kupikisana bwino kuti igwirizane ndi ma ethylene receptors, zomwe zimachedwetsa kucha ndi kukalamba kwa zipatso. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zopanda poizoni, kugwiritsa ntchito kochepa, kugwira ntchito bwino, komanso mphamvu zake zokhazikika za mankhwala, pakadali pano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posungira zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika komanso pamlingo wokwezeka.

1-MCP sikuti imangoletsa kapena kuchedwetsa kukalamba kwa zomera, komanso imakhala ndi poizoni wochepa. LD50>5000mg/kg kwenikweni ndi chinthu chopanda poizoni; Kuchuluka komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kochepa kwambiri, ndipo pokonza zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi maluwa, kuchuluka komwe kumapezeka mumlengalenga kumafunika kukhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo miliyoni, kotero kuchuluka komwe kutsala mu zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi maluwa mutagwiritsa ntchito kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kotero kuti sikungathe kuzindikirika; 1-MCP yapambananso kuwunika kwa US Environmental Protection Agency (tsamba la EPA) ndipo imaonedwa kuti ndi yotetezeka komanso yopanda poizoni, yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu maluwa, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, komanso yotetezeka kwa anthu, nyama, ndi chilengedwe. Palibe chifukwa chokhazikitsa malire a mlingo panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha msika wa 1-MCP ndi chotani?

Kwa mayiko alimi, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri zatsopano zimapangidwa chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa cha chitukuko chosakwanira cha zinthu zozizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zinthu zaulimi, pafupifupi 85% ya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu wamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke kwambiri. Izi zimapereka malo ambiri pamsika wolimbikitsira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito 1-methylcyclopropene. Zotsatira za kafukufuku zikusonyeza kuti 1-methylcyclopropene imatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kufewa ndi kuwola kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yawo yosungira ndi kusunga. Izi zikumaliza kuyambitsa kwa1-MCPNgati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za malondawa, chonde nditumizireni uthenga.