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Kuchokera ku Makhalidwe Achilengedwe mpaka Mfundo Zogwira Ntchito: Kumvetsetsa 1-methylcyclopropene

1-Methylcyclopropene(CAS No. 3100-04-7, chidule chake ndi 1-MCP). Kuchokera ku lingaliro la mankhwala, 1-MCP ndi chinthu chaching'ono cha olefin chomwe chimawoneka ngati mpweya wopanda mtundu kutentha kwa chipinda. Kapangidwe kake ka molekyulu ndi kosavuta koma kali ndi ntchito yapadera ya zamoyo - imatha "kuletsa" kutumiza kwa zizindikiro za ethylene mkati mwa zomera.

Ethylene imagwira ntchito ngati "kapitawo wokhwima" wa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zomwe zimathandizira kufewa kwawo, kusintha mtundu wawo, ndi kuwola kwawo. Kapangidwe ka mamolekyu a 1-MCP ndi kofanana kwambiri ndi ka ethylene ndipo kamatha kumangirira ku ma ethylene receptors pamwamba pa maselo a zomera pasadakhale, ndikupanga "mkhalidwe wotsekedwa" wokhazikika. Kuphatikiza kumeneku kuli ngati kuyika "chipewa chotetezera" pa ethylene receptor, kuletsa ethylene yeniyeni kutumiza zizindikiro zakucha ndikuchedwetsa njira yokhwima ya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti 1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP ili ndi khalidwe la "kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso mlingo wochepa". Deta yoyesera ikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa 0.1 mpaka 1 microliter pa lita imodzi kungapangitse kuti zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri zisungidwe bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kuwonongeka mosavuta m'chilengedwe ndipo sidzakhalabe m'nthaka kapena m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa za chitukuko cha ulimi wobiriwira. Pakadali pano, mayiko ndi madera opitilira 30 padziko lonse lapansi avomereza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake m'munda waulimi. China yaphatikizanso mu gulu la oyang'anira kukula kwa zomera omwe amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu "Food Additive Use Standard".

Yosinthasintha: "Woteteza Watsopano" kuchokera kumunda kupita ku tebulo

Mu ntchito zothandiza, kugwiritsa ntchitoUfa wa 1-MCPagwira ntchito yonse yokonza zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kusunga, mayendedwe, ndi kugulitsa, ndipo akhala "woteteza" wofunikira kwambiri mu unyolo wopereka zinthu zaulimi.

Gawo losungira: Limbikitsani nthawi yoti zinthu zikhale zatsopano ndikuchepetsa kutayika

Kale, ngakhale maapulo atasungidwa m'malo ozizira atakolola, kuchuluka kwa zipatso zabwino kumatsika kufika pa 70% patatha miyezi iwiri. Tsopano, ndi chithandizo cha 1-MCP, kuchuluka kwa zipatso zabwino kumatha kusungidwa pa 92% patatha miyezi 4. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, 1-Methylcyclopropene ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zipatso za pectin monga maapulo ndi mapeyala, nthawi yosungira imakulitsidwa ndi nthawi ziwiri mpaka zitatu, ndipo kutayika kwa pachaka kumachepetsedwa ndi matani oposa 3 miliyoni.

Ulalo wa mayendedwe: Yesani kudutsa "zoletsa nthawi ndi malo" ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa malonda

Mothandizidwa ndi ukadaulo wa 1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP, mango a kampaniyi alowa bwino m'misika yakumpoto monga Heilongjiang ndi Jilin, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa malonda pachaka kwa 40%. Mu gawo lotumiza kunja, ntchito ya methylcyclopropene ndi yofunika kwambiri. Pamene ma cherries aku China akutumizidwa kumayiko akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, pambuyo pa chithandizo cha 1-MCP, nthawi yosungiramo zinthu imakulitsidwa kuyambira masiku atatu mpaka masiku 10, ndipo kuchuluka kwapakati pachaka kwa kuchuluka kwa kutumiza kunja ndi 25%.

Gawo logulitsa: Sungani zatsopano ndikuwonjezera zomwe ogula akuwona

Mukalowa mu gawo la zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba mu sitolo ina, kiwifruit, sitiroberi, mapeyala ndi zipatso zina zomwe zili m'mashelefu zonse zimalembedwa kuti "1-MCP preservation treatment". Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi1-MethylcyclopropeneZimakhala ndi nthawi yokhazikika yosungiramo zinthu kwa masiku 5 mpaka 7 ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi kukoma ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Sikuti zinyalala zokha zachepetsedwa, komanso ogula amatha kugula sitiroberi zatsopano, ndipo chiwongola dzanja choguliranso chawonjezeka ndi 18%.

Tsogolo ndi labwino: Kupanga zinthu zatsopano kumakulitsa malire a ntchito

Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi chitukuko, njira zogwiritsira ntchito 1-MCP zikukulirakulirabe. Kuwonjezera pa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zodziwika bwino, tsopano zagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pantchito yosunga maluwa. Ukadaulo uwu walimbikitsidwa mu mitundu ya maluwa odulidwa monga ma carnation ndi maluwa a lilies, zomwe zimachepetsa kutayika kwa maluwa panthawi yonyamula ndi kugulitsa.

Pakadali pano, pofuna kulimbitsa chitetezo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, kampaniyo yayambitsanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu za 1-MCP. Kuwonjezera pa zinthu zachikhalidwe zotulutsa mpweya, zinthu zolimba zotulutsa mpweya nthawi zonse komanso zinthu zamapiritsi pang'onopang'ono zakhala zodziwika bwino pamsika. Zinthuzi sizifuna zida zaukadaulo, ndipo alimi amatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito mosavuta kunyumba.

1-MethylcyclopropeneSikuti ndi njira yosungira zinthu zokha komanso ndi "kulimbikitsa ukadaulo" polimbikitsa chitukuko chapamwamba cha ulimi. M'tsogolomu, kukwezedwa kwa ukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito 1-MCP kudzalimbikitsidwa kwambiri, kutsogolera mabizinesi kuti agwiritse ntchito mwanjira yokhazikika, kuti "ukadaulo wosungira zinthu" uwu uthandize bwino kukweza ndalama za alimi, phindu la ogula komanso kukweza unyolo wopereka zinthu zaulimi.

Kodi 1-methylcyclopropene ndi yotetezeka?

1-methylcyclopropene ndi "code yosungira" yotsika kwambiri komanso yothandiza kwambiri. methylcyclopropene ndi olefin yaying'ono yozungulira yomwe ndi mpweya wopanda mtundu kutentha kwa chipinda. Njira yake yayikulu yogwirira ntchito ili mu "kutseka zizindikiro za ethylene". Deta yaukadaulo ikuwonetsa kuti ethylene, monga "hormone yakucha" ya zomera, imatha kufulumizitsa kukhwima ndi kufewa kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba pambuyo pakucha. 1-MCP imatha kumangirira ku ethylene receptors poyamba ndikutseka malowo kwa nthawi yayitali, kuletsa kukhwima kuchokera ku gwero, zomwe zimatha kukulitsa moyo wa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi 50% mpaka 200%.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi deta yake yachitetezo: poizoni wa pakamwa ndi transdermal LD50 ndi woposa 5000mg/kg, zomwe zimakwaniritsa muyezo wa "osakhala poizoni". Mtengo wa ADI (wovomerezeka tsiku lililonse) ndi 0.0009mg/kg ya kulemera kwa thupi. 1-Methylcyclopropene yavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito m'maiko opitilira 30 kuphatikiza China, United States ndi Europe. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zotsalira za 1-MCP mu zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuwonongeka mosavuta. Pogwiritsa ntchito mwachizolowezi, sizimaika pachiwopsezo thanzi la anthu.

Unilong ndi katswiriOgulitsa 1-methylcyclopropene. Kuyera kwa ufa wa 1-mcp womwe timapanga kumatha kufika 3.7%. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti muyezo wamakampani woyeretsa wa 1-mcp ndi 3.3%. Pakadali pano, titha kupereka ma micro-doses ndi mapaketi ang'onoang'ono a 0.035%. 1-MCP ndi molekyulu ya gasi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mashelufu akuluakulu kapena m'mabokosi a zipatso. Pambuyo pokonza, imasungunuka kwathunthu ndipo sipadzakhala zotsalira za mankhwala pazinthuzo.​​​​​